An Approach to the multi-cultural play for music education adapting children songs with drawing play

그림 그리기 놀이노래를 활용한 다문화 음악교육 접근 방안

Prof. Dr. Hio-ihm Cho (Seoul National University of Education)

Introduction

All children around the world grow up with play and understand each other by playing. Multi-cultural education has become significant recently in South Korea, especially in kindergarten and elementary school.

This study is an approach to multi-cultural play for music education in kindergarten and elementary school, and will introduce three children songs with drawing play as the learning materials: two of them are the Korean traditional children play song 「Skeleton」, 「Mr. Wang」, and the last one is a parody song in English 「Paint a circle」 of 「Twinkle, twinkle, little star」 by W. A. Mozart.

The learning activities are based on chanting(rhythm speech), hand sign singing, canon singing and drawing play, adapting the 'Danmori-changdan'; a kind of the traditional Korean rhythmic pattern as a rhythm ostinato. The drawing activities are shown in order and will show a face, two whole bodies, in which children learn not only music and drawing, but also language(mother tongue & English), letters, numbers, shapes, orientation by singing and drawing play. Most of all, they also could understand traditional music ideas and multi-cultural thinking with them.

II. Adapting Children songs with drawing play for multi-cultural music education

1.「Skeleton」 children song with drawing play using English learning

This song is one of the most popular children play songs for drawing play in South Korea, nowadays that is used for teaching English to children on a Korean web-site.

해골바가지 채보: 조효임

번역: 조효임

아침 먹고 땡!

점심 먹고 땡!

창문을 열어보니

비가 오더래.

지렁이가 세 마리

기어가더래.

아이고! 무서워!

해골바가지.

「Skeleton」

collected and transl. by Hioihm Cho

After breakfast bang!

After luncheon bang!

Look out the window

looks-like rain to me.

In the rain comes

earth-worms

creepy, crawly three.

Oh, no! scary-oh!

It's a skeleton!

♠ Blanks rhythm notation for rhythm speech

「Skeleton」

After

breakfast

bang

!

After

lun-

cheon

bang

!

Look

out the

win-

dow

looks-like

rain

to

me

.

In

the

rain comes

earth

worms

creepy,

crawly

three

!

Oh,

no!

Scary-

oh!

It's

a

skeleton

!

♠ Singing & drawing activities

After breakfast bang! After luncheon bang! look out the window looks-like rain to me.

In the rain come earth-worms creepy, crawly three. Oh, no! Scary-oh! It's a skeleton.

♠ score1 「Skeleton」collected by Hioihm Cho

아침먹고땡 점심먹고땡 창 문을열어보니 비가오더래

After breakfast bang! After luncheon bang! look out the window looks-like rain to me.

ti ti ti ti ta - ti ti ti ti ta - ta ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ta –

지렁이가 세 마리 기어가더래 아이고 무서워 해골 바가지

In the rain comes earth-worms creepy, crawly three. Oh, no! Scary-oh! It's a skeleton.

ti ti ti ti ta ti ti ti ti ti ti ta- ti ti ta ti ti ta ti ti ti ti ta-

♠ Rhythm ostinato -「Danmori-changdan」

It is one of the Korean traditional rhythm patterns and played originally vivace, but in this case will be moderato.

덩 따 따 쿵 따 쿵

deung- tta tta kung tta kung

ta ti ti ti ti ti

The oral sound rhythm patterns of 「Danmori-changdan」consists of 'deung- tta tta kung tta kung' : deung-two hands beat, tta-a right hand beat, kung-a left hand beat; that is practical for two parts rhythm play. It is usually played by Chang-gu, a traditional Korean two sided drum, but in this case as the rhythm ostinato played with pat.

At first the teacher sings 「Skeleton」 by hands sign singing and children imitates her from phrase to phrase until they can sing well. After that children are divided in two groups, one group sings with pat, the other sings with drawing play. Two children can do the same activities. The two measures of the「Danmori-changdan」-rhythm ostinato is available as a prelude and a postlude; for instance at the beginning and ending of the song two measures.

When the children can sing the song well, we can try it to sing in two parts as a canon.

2. 「Mr. Wang」(왕서방) children song with drawing play for learning numbers and letters

This Korean children play song represents a Chinese figure. It is very interesting, that the picture consists of the numbers 0, 3, 6 & 7; the Chinese letters 'gu'(口, mouth)and 'wang'(王, king); and the Korean letters 'don'(돈, money) and first letter 'siot'(ㅅ, 산: mountain). Through singing the song and drawing the picture children can learn not only numbers, but also two Korean and two Chinese letters. So it is very educational, while it is bilingual and bicultural. The Korean text of this song is translated in English by me. If we sing this song in English, it is tri-lingual and multi-cultural.

「Mr. Wang」

transl. by Hioihm cho

Chinese like

Tza-jang noodle

007.

They like candy

and money too.

The 6th of June is deathday of king.

The 6th of June is memorial day

「왕서방」

채보: 조효임

번역: 조효임

중국 사람들은

자장면을 좋아해

007.

사탕도 좋아해,

돈도 좋아해.

6월 6일은

왕이 죽은 날

6월 6일은

산에 가는 날

♠ Blanks rhythm notation

「Mr. Wang」

chi-

nese

like

-

Taz-

jang

noo-

dle

0

0

7

-

they

like

can-

dy

and

money

too

-

the

6th

of

June

is

death-

day

of

king

the

6th

of

June

is

memo-

rial

day

-

♠ Singing & drawing activities

Chinese like Tza-jang noodle 0 0 7

They like candy and money too. The 6th of June is

deathday of king. The 6th of June is memorial day.

♠ score2 「Mr. Wang」 collected by Hioihm Cho

중 국 사람들은 자장면을좋아해 0 - 0 - 7

Chinese like Tza-jang noodle 0 0 7.

사 탕도좋아해 돈 도 좋아해 6 월 6일은

They like candy and money too. The 6th of June is

왕이 죽은날 6 월 6일은 산에가는날

deathday of king. The 6th of June is memorial day.

♠ Rhythm ostinato -「Danmori-changdan」

덩 따 따 쿵 따 쿵

deung- tta tta kung tta kung

ta ti ti ti ti ti

The 「Danmori-changdan」-rhythm ostinato also could be used for this song like「Skeleton」. The learning activities are similar to「Skeleton」.

3. A parody song of「twinkle, twinkle little star」by W. A. Mozart 「Paint a circle 」 for learning shapes and orientation of 'left & right'

The melody of the song 「twinkle, twinkle little star」 by W. A. Mozart is parodied to learn various shapes(circle, square, rectangle and heart) and orientation of left and right.

「Twinkle, twinkle little star」 W. A. Mozart

Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are.

Up above the world so high,

Like a diamond in the sky.

Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are!

「Paint a circle 」

Paint a circle in the air

a triangle and a square

two rectangles side by side

two rectangles left and right

one big heart red and bright

paint a smile you and I!

♠ Blanks rhythm notation

「Paint a circle 」 A parody of the 「Twinkle, twinkle little star」 W. A. Mozart

paint

a

cir-

cle

in

the

air

-

a

tri-

an-

gle

and

a

squa-

re

two

rec-

tan-

gles

side

by

side

-

two

rec-

tan-

gles

left

and

right

-

one

big

heart

-

red

and

bright

-

paint

a

smile

-

you

and

I

-

♠ Singing & drawing activities

Paint a circle in the air a triangle and a square two rectangle side by side

two rectangle one big heart paint a smile you and I!

left and right red and bright

♠ Rhythm ostinato -「Danmori-changdan」

덩 따 따 쿵 따 쿵

deung- tta tta kung tta kung

ta ti ti ti ti ti

The rhythm ostinato and activities for this play song could be similar to the other two songs.

III. Conclusion

Children have fun with playing and singing, especially play song with drawing. This study attempted to show how to approach multi-cultural education adapting children songs with drawing play. Two traditional Korean children songs with drawing play and one parody song have been introduced in score and picture, which were collected by Hioihm Cho. The text of the songs have been notated not only in English, but also in Korean, so children could learn bilingual and have bicultural mind.

The teaching-learning activities in this study have been concentrated on the Koda'ly-Approach and Orff-Schulwerk-Approach; rhythm speech, body percussion(clap & pat), making rhythm ostinato, hand sign singing, drawing and two parts singing in canon. The traditional Korean rhythm pattern 「Danmori-Changdan」has been applied to rhythm ostinato to develope two parts rhythm.

Abstract

어린이는 놀이를 하면서 성장하고 친구를 이해한다. 그리고 최근 우리나라에서 국제결혼 가정의 자녀들, 이주민 노동자 가정 등 다문화 사회로의 진입으로 다문화교육이 사회적인 이슈가 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유아 및 초등학교 학생들이 놀이를 통하여 즐겨 부르고 특히, 그림을 통하여 성취감을 느낄 수 있는 그림 그리기 놀이노래 세 곡을 활용하여 다문화 음악교육을 접근할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

먼저 한국의 전래 그림 그리기 놀이노래로서 「해골바가지」와 「왕서방」 두 곡을 코다이 손기호 노래 부르기(Handsign singing)로 익히고, 노래 부르며 그림 그리기를 한 다음, 한국의 전통장단 단모리 구음장단을 리듬 오스티나토로 하고, 돌림노래 부르기로 다성부로 발전시키는 지도방안을 제시하였다. 또한 그림구성요소를 분석하고 그 교육적 의의를 다문화적으로 접근하고 가사를 영어로 번안하여 부르게 하였다.

W. A. Mozrt의 「Twinkle, twinkl little star」의 개사곡(Parady) 「Paint a circle in the air 」를 영어로 손기호 노래 부르기로 불러본 다음, 개사곡을 부르며 그림을 통하여 다양한 모양과 영어를 쉽게 놀이를 통하여 접근할 수 있게 하였다. 결론적으로 정리하여 보면, 한국의 그림 그리기 전래놀이노래를 통하여 전통문화에 대한 자긍심을 고취시키고, 영어 개사곡을 놀이를 통하여 쉽게 모양을 영어로 접근할 수 있다는 성취감과 이중언어적 사고(biligual mind)와 다문화적인 안목을 가질 수 있을 것이다.